Validation on 3D Surface Roughness Algorithm for Measuring Roughness of Psoriasis Lesion

Psoriasis is a widespread skin disease affecting up to 2% population with plaque psoriasis accounting to about 80%. It can be identified as a red lesion and for the higher severity the lesion is usually covered with rough scale. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scoring is the gold standard method for measuring psoriasis severity. Scaliness is one of PASI parameter that needs to be quantified in PASI scoring. Surface roughness of lesion can be used as a scaliness feature, since existing scale on lesion surface makes the lesion rougher. The dermatologist usually assesses the severity through their tactile sense, therefore direct contact between doctor and patient is required. The problem is the doctor may not assess the lesion objectively. In this paper, a digital image analysis technique is developed to objectively determine the scaliness of the psoriasis lesion and provide the PASI scaliness score. Psoriasis lesion is modelled by a rough surface. The rough surface is created by superimposing a smooth average (curve) surface with a triangular waveform. For roughness determination, a polynomial surface fitting is used to estimate average surface followed by a subtraction between rough and average surface to give elevation surface (surface deviations). Roughness index is calculated by using average roughness equation to the height map matrix. The roughness algorithm has been tested to 444 lesion models. From roughness validation result, only 6 models can not be accepted (percentage error is greater than 10%). These errors occur due the scanned image quality. Roughness algorithm is validated for roughness measurement on abrasive papers at flat surface. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient of grade value (G) of abrasive paper and Ra is -0.9488, its shows there is a strong relation between G and Ra. The algorithm needs to be improved by surface filtering, especially to overcome a problem with noisy data. Keywords—psoriasis, roughness algorithm, polynomial surface fitting. M.H. Ahmad Fadzil is with Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]). Esa Prakasa, is with Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, on leave from the Research Center for Informatics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia (corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected]). Hermawan Nugroho is with Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]). Hurriyatul Fitriyah is with Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]). Azura Mohd Affandi is with Department of Dermatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]). S.H. Hussein was with Department of Dermatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).